Logging Equipment, Tools and Supplies
Logging Equipment includes all the machines and tools used to cut down a tree, trim it and transport it to the sawmill as logs. As a process that converts trees, or timber, into logs, logging uses equipment ranging from chain saws and skidders to the logging trucks that transport the logs to the next stage of production where they are transformed into lumber as boards, plywood, chips, pulp or chemicals. Logging gives us the wood we use to construct our homes and office buildings each furnished with its own tables, chairs and desks. It provides the pulp used to create the paper for newspapers, magazines, and books. It supplies us with the chemicals we need to create plastics such as rayon. Faced with a limited resource, the practice of logging has evolved from a purely harvesting industry to the practice of producing trees, i.e., tree planting, seeding, for harvesting.
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Logging Equipment
The logging process involves felling, or cutting down the trees, cutting them into lengths, and transporting them by truck to the sawmill. In the first stage of the process, loggers or lumberjacks, use chain saws to cut down the trees. More advanced logging operations use mechanical fellers, large steel blades mounted on a vehicle, to sever the tree at the stump. Once the trees are cut down and trimmed, they are skidded to landings where they can be put on trucks and hauled to the mill. Raising one end of the log, wheeled or tracked vehicles called cable skidders, pull the logs behind them with steel ropes placed, or choked, around each log. A grapple skidder can save time by scooping up a bunch, or hitch, of logs by means of hydraulic arms mounted on its back. In extremely wet conditions, wheeled, trucklike vehicles called forwarders may carry the logs to landings without dragging them. On difficult terrain such as mountains, and in remote areas, other systems like the cable yarder drag logs to a landing by a system of cables and pulleys mounted onto standing trees. After the trees reach a landing, loggers cut, or buck, them into sawlogs—logs that are large enough to be sawed into lumber. At the landing, the logs are scaled and graded. Scaling estimates the number of board feet a sawlog contains. Grading describes the quality of the log, taking into account visible defects such as branch scars or rot. An experienced logger bucks trees in a manner that maximizes the scale and grade. The sawlogs are then loaded onto trucks by hydraulic booms and transported to the final stage of the logging process: the sawmill.